टॉपिक 07 – आधारभूत संरचना ऊर्जा परिवहन

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Wind (MW): 2021-22 – 3,734.10; 2022-23 – 3,730.35; 2023-24 – 4,359.63; 2024-25 – 4,416.12; December 2025 – 4,416.12 (flat). Solar (incl. KUSUM PPA, MW): 2021-22 – 3,057.60; 2022-23 – 3,362.10; 2023-24 – 4,010.50; 2024-25 – 6,256.92; December 2025 – 9,898.00. Statement II is wrong – in 2023-24 solar (4,010.50) was below wind (4,359.63); solar overtook wind in 2024-25 and by December 2025 was more than double wind (≈2.2 times). Biomass: 101.95 (2021-22) → 196.45 MW (December 2025). Note – these figures are capacity tied to the state discoms; the total RE physically installed in the state (including solar parks linked to central/inter-state transmission) is far larger – Rajasthan is first in the country in solar installations. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Solar capacity in December 2025 (Economic Review)? – 9,898 MW • In which year did solar overtake wind? – 2024-25 • Biomass capacity in December 2025? – 196.45 MW

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only three statements (1, 2 and 4) are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Target split: solar 90 GW + wind and hybrid 25 GW + hydro/pumped storage/BESS 10 GW = 125 GW; so the figures in statement 3 are reversed (wrong). Statement 5 is wrong – the nodal agency is the Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation (RRECL), which gives single-window service from registration to commissioning. The policy was issued in December 2024 (ahead of Rising Rajasthan); valid until March 2029; it replaced the Solar Energy Policy 2019 and the Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy 2019. Green hydrogen: at least one Green Hydrogen Valley and one electrolyser gigafactory, up to 10% blending in gas pipelines, 50% waiver of transmission/wheeling charges for the first 500 KTPA of projects; a target of 20% of India's green hydrogen exports. National context – 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030, net zero by 2070. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Nodal agency of the policy? – RRECL • Validity of the policy? – Until March 2029 • India's net-zero target year? – 2070

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PM-KUSUM (2019, MNRE): Component-A – 0.5-2 MW plants on barren/farm land (farmers/FPOs/cooperatives); Component-B – standalone solar pumps; Component-C – solarisation of grid-connected pumps (feeder-level solarisation, central aid 30% of project cost). Component-A approvals in Rajasthan: Phase-I (revised) 153, Phase-II 397, Phase-II additional 1,000, Phase-III 3,700 = 5,250 MW; installed (31.12.2025): Phase-I 364 plants 468.75 MW + Phase-II 11 MW + Phase-III 2 MW ≈ 482 MW (<10%). Tariff (RERC): Phase-I ceiling ₹3.14/kWh, lowest discovered ₹2.79; implementation shifted from RRECL to the discoms on 23 July 2024. According to the Chief Minister, Component-C capacity reached 2,329 MW (898 plants). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • What is KUSUM Component-B? – Standalone solar pumps • When was Component-A implementation handed to the discoms? – 23 July 2024 • Central aid under Component-C? – 30%

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 2 is wrong – there are only 2 sub-stations at 765 kV (9,000 MVA); 20 is the number at 400 kV (20,255 MVA). Others: 220 kV – 133 (36,895 MVA); 132 kV – 523 (42,921 MVA). Lines (circuit km): 765 kV – 425.498; 400 kV – 8,416.708; 220 kV – 16,428.958; 132 kV – 20,662.151; total 45,933.315 (36,079 in March 2017). Smart grid – 14,320 km of OPGW, 3 command-and-control centres; 245 GSS at 132 kV maintained by the private sector; 400 kV GSS at Alwar and Deedwana in PPP mode; 400 kV Bikaner-Sikar and Suratgarh-Bikaner lines through VGF. Transmission corporation – RVPN (Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Number of 400 kV sub-stations? – 20 • 400 kV GSS built in PPP mode? – Alwar and Deedwana • State transmission corporation? – RVPN

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Consumers (November 2025, provisional): domestic 1,58,44,700 (≈78%); agriculture 21,08,710; non-domestic 18,34,251; industrial 3,37,671; PHED 93,374; street light 30,151; mixed 28,570; total 2,02,78,631 (2.44% up from March 2025). So agricultural consumers (21 lakh) far outnumber industrial ones (3.4 lakh) – statement II is wrong. Rural electrification (December 2025): 43,965 villages, 1.14 lakh dhanis, 111.15 lakh rural households; 70,566 new farm connections in 2025-26; tariff subsidy to farmers ₹14,612.19 crore (to November 2025). Distribution – three discoms: Jaipur, Ajmer and Jodhpur Vidyut Vitran Nigams. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • The state's three discoms? – Jaipur, Ajmer, Jodhpur • Villages electrified (December 2025)? – 43,965 • New farm connections in 2025-26 (to December)? – 70,566

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Economic Review: in 2021-22 the central gas allocation was 221.10 MW, which was surrendered to NTPC because of the high purchase cost, as per the Ministry of Power guideline of 22 March 2021 – this also explains the fall in central allocation from 2021-22 (3,365.91) to 2022-23 (3,113.77 MW). In December 2025 the central allocation was 3,856.07 MW (atomic up from 456.74 to 806.74 MW). The state's own gas plants (600.50 MW) – Dholpur and Ramgarh (Jaisalmer). Nuclear – Rawatbhata (RAPP, Chittorgarh); proposed Mahi-Banswara nuclear project (4×700 MW). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • The state's gas-based plants? – Dholpur, Ramgarh • Proposed nuclear project? – Mahi-Banswara • Central allocation in December 2025? – 3,856.07 MW

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Only four statements (1, 2, 3 and 5) are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 4 is wrong – the largest share belongs to village roads (2,16,144 km ≈ 64%); ODR is 72,822 km. Classification: NH 10,790; SH 17,316; major district roads (MDR) 18,234; ODR 72,822; village roads 2,16,144. Surface: black-top 2,72,162; metal 8,886; gravel 42,226; fair-weather 12,031. 91.68% of villages (39,666) are connected by road. In 1949 roads were only 13,553 km; PWD maintains 1.97 lakh km. Rajasthan Road Development and Maintenance Programme – over ₹60,000 crore in 5 years; Atal Pragati Path in 2025-26. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Village roads in the state? – 2,16,144 km • Road length in 1949? – 13,553 km • Major district roads (MDR)? – 18,234 km

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Amrit Bharat Station Scheme – long-term master-plan-based redevelopment of stations. Stations inaugurated in North Western Railway (NWR, HQ Jaipur): Fatehpur Shekhawati, Rajgarh, Mandi Dabwali, Gogamedi, Deshnok. NWR's first Amrit Bharat train – Madar Junction (Ajmer) to Darbhanga (October 2025). Automatic signalling – 256 route km in NWR, 82 km of it in 2025-26; double distant signalling at 75 stations. NWR divisions – Jaipur, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner; Kota division is in West Central Railway. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • HQ of NWR? – Jaipur • NWR's first Amrit Bharat train? – Madar–Darbhanga • Kota division is in which zone? – West Central Railway

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: Jodhpur – complete; Kotputli – under construction; Sikar – land acquisition; Tonk – DPR being prepared. 📘 Understand in depth: Budget 2025-26 announced ring roads in 15 cities. Status (Economic Review 2025-26): complete – Jodhpur (packages I and II, 30 km); under construction – Kotputli; land acquisition – Sikar; DPR ready – Deeg, Pratapgarh, Balotra, Karauli; DPR in preparation – Hanumangarh, Tonk; approved – Jhalawar, Dungarpur, Sirohi, Jalore, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Banswara. Aim: bypass heavy vehicles around cities, cut congestion and pollution, plan urban expansion. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • In how many cities were ring roads announced? – 15 • Length of the Jodhpur ring road (packages I-II)? – 30 km • One city with a DPR ready? – Deeg/Pratapgarh/Balotra/Karauli

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 8,662.50 km. 📘 Understand in depth: PMGSY (25 December 2000) – all-weather roads for unconnected habitations. PMGSY-III (2019) – upgrading 'through routes' and major rural links connecting rural agricultural markets (GrAMs), higher/senior secondary schools and hospitals; funding 60:40. State (December 2025): 8,662.50 km selected; 8,658.35 km sanctioned by the Ministry of Rural Development at ₹5,174.06 crore; 8,560.07 km upgraded (₹4,064.08 crore). Options: 7,368 km – length completed under the rural roads head in 2025-26; 2,109 km – NABARD head target. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did PMGSY begin? – 25 December 2000 • Funding share in PMGSY-III? – 60:40 • Road upgraded under PMGSY-III (December 2025)? – 8,560.07 km

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: Suratgarh – Sri Ganganagar; Chhabra – Baran; Kalisindh – Jhalawar; Giral – Barmer. 📘 Understand in depth: Thermal capacity of RVUNL (Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam) is 7,830 MW: Kota (1,240 MW), Suratgarh (1,500 MW + 2×660 MW supercritical = 2,820 MW), Chhabra (1,000 MW + 2×660 MW supercritical = 2,320 MW), Kalisindh (2×600 = 1,200 MW), Giral lignite (250 MW) – total 7,830 MW. Supercritical technology – steam at higher temperature and pressure, better efficiency, less coal and emissions. Private sector – Kawai (Baran, Adani, 1,320 MW), Jalipa-Kapurdi (Barmer, lignite, 1,080 MW). Coal – from allotted mines such as Parsa East-Kanta Basan (PEKB) in Chhattisgarh. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Total thermal capacity of RVUNL? – 7,830 MW • Plants with supercritical units? – Suratgarh, Chhabra • District of the private Kawai plant? – Baran

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PM Surya Ghar (approved 29 February 2024; outlay ~₹75,021 crore): central financial assistance (CFA) – ₹30,000/kW up to 2 kW, ₹18,000 for the third kW, maximum ₹78,000 (3 kW and above); a 'model solar village' in every district; applications through a national portal; concessional collateral-free loans. Implemented by the discoms in Rajasthan; the state's domestic consumer base (≈1.58 crore) and high solar radiation favour it. Complementary – PM-KUSUM (for farms), RDSS (distribution reform, smart meters). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Assistance per kW up to 2 kW under Surya Ghar? – ₹30,000 • Model village in each district? – Adarsh Saur Gram • Solar scheme for agriculture? – PM-KUSUM

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Budget 2026-27 (11 February 2026, Deputy CM and Finance Minister Diya Kumari) sectoral allocations (₹ crore): education-sports-art 68,989; energy 42,752; rural development 32,948; health 32,526; social welfare and nutrition 26,495; urban development 20,184 (+58%); agriculture and allied 18,212; transport 16,639. Electricity tariff subsidy ₹29,432 crore – the largest subsidy component, for farmers/domestic consumers. Others: 250 Atal Pragati Paths (₹500 crore). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Electricity tariff subsidy in Budget 2026-27? – ₹29,432 crore • Largest sectoral allocation? – Education-sports-art (₹68,989 crore) • Atal Pragati Paths in Budget 2026-27? – 250 (₹500 crore)

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Electricity is the largest cost component of green hydrogen; cheap solar/wind power (solar radiation ~5.5-6 kWh/sq m/day, 300+ sunny days) and available land give Rajasthan an edge – so R explains A. Policy: Integrated Clean Energy Policy 2024 – 2,000 KTPA target by 2030, a Green Hydrogen Valley, an electrolyser gigafactory, 50% waiver of transmission-wheeling charges (first 500 KTPA), 7-year electricity duty exemption in RIPS 2024. National Green Hydrogen Mission (January 2023) – 5 MMT by 2030. Challenge – water scarcity (electrolysis needs water), hence use of treated waste water/brackish water. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Target of the National Green Hydrogen Mission? – 5 MMT by 2030 • State green hydrogen target? – 2,000 KTPA (2030) • Rajasthan's main challenge for green hydrogen? – Water scarcity

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: REVP 2022 – reimbursement of SGST and a one-time grant on EV purchase, incentives for charging infrastructure, a ₹200 crore e-vehicle promotion fund. Vehicle Scrapping Policy 2025 – in line with the Centre's National Vehicle Scrappage Policy (2021): registered vehicle scrapping facilities (RVSF), concessions in registration/tax of a new vehicle against a scrapping certificate, disposal of government vehicles over 15 years old. Environmental steps – EV transport in Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserves; E-Waste Management Policy 2023 – circular economy. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Year of the Centre's vehicle scrappage policy? – 2021 • In which tiger reserves is EV transport used? – Ranthambore, Sariska • State e-waste management policy? – 2023

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statement II is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement I is wrong – the 245 privately maintained GSS are at the 132 kV level; the state has only 20 GSS at 400 kV. Other forms of private participation: 400 kV GSS at Alwar and Deedwana built in PPP mode; 400 kV double-circuit lines Bikaner-Sikar and Suratgarh-Bikaner through VGF (viability gap funding). At the central level – the Green Energy Corridor and the Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) evacuate power from western Rajasthan's RE zones. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Total 400 kV GSS? – 20 • One 400 kV line built through VGF? – Bikaner-Sikar • Central project for RE evacuation? – Green Energy Corridor

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 1 and 2 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 3 is wrong – the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway passes through eastern Rajasthan (Alwar-Dausa-Sawai Madhopur-Bundi-Kota-Jhalawar side); Jaisalmer is a western border district. The Amritsar-Jamnagar greenfield corridor – Punjab-Rajasthan-Gujarat; it links western Rajasthan's RE, mineral and refinery (Pachpadra, Balotra) areas with the ports. State level – 9 greenfield expressways announced in Budget 2024-25; Rajasthan Road Development and Maintenance Programme (₹60,000 crore+ in 5 years); ring roads in 15 cities. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Greenfield expressways announced in the state? – 9 • Pachpadra refinery is in which district? – Balotra • What does Bharatmala relate to? – Economic corridors/highways

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: roads – 16,430 km; power capacity – 7,395 MW; canal irrigation – 98,753 ha; fencing – 3.44 crore metres. 📘 Understand in depth: Comparison (2 years vs the previous government's 5 years – Chief Minister's claims): roads 16,430 vs 13,160 km; power capacity 7,395 vs 3,952 MW; canal irrigation 98,753 vs 91,582 ha; fencing 3.44 crore vs 1.13 crore metres. Other claims – 19,209 MW of solar in 25 months (14,878 MW in the previous 5 years); 700+ coal rakes a month from allotted mines; daytime power to farmers in 22 districts; 2 lakh+ new farm connections; PM-KUSUM Component-C 2,329 MW (898 plants). Note – these are political/administrative claims; for the official series see the Economic Review (e.g. installed capacity 27,284 → 31,556 MW, March-December 2025). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Solar capacity added in 2 years (claim)? – 19,209 MW (25 months) • In how many districts is daytime farm power given? – 22 • KUSUM Component-C capacity (claim)? – 2,329 MW

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: RDSS – outlay about ₹3.03 lakh crore (central aid ~₹97,631 crore), 2021-22 to 2025-26 (later extended); result-linked funding; loss-reduction infrastructure, agricultural feeder separation, solarisation (in step with KUSUM-C). AT&C – aggregate technical and commercial losses (including theft and billing-collection gaps); ACS-ARR – gap between average cost of supply and average revenue realised. Rajasthan – Jaipur, Ajmer and Jodhpur discoms; electricity tariff subsidy to farmers (₹14,612.19 crore in 2025-26 to November). Predecessors – UDAY (2015; state takeover of discom debt), DDUGJY, IPDS, Saubhagya. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Meaning of ACS-ARR? – Gap between average cost of supply and average revenue realised • Year of UDAY? – 2015 • Central aid under RDSS about? – ₹97,631 crore

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 26. 📘 Understand in depth: National highway works: 47 in all – 26 completed, 17 in progress (target June 2026), 4 terminated. Scheme-wise progress in 2025-26 (to December 2025): rural roads – target 9,675 km, completed 7,368 km; State Road Fund – 1,455 km; NABARD – 1,632 km; Central Road Infrastructure Fund (CRIF) – 735 km; urban roads – 168 km. Of the total allocation of ₹17,383.81 crore, ₹6,251 crore was spent by November 2025. National highways – 10,790 km (March 2025). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Target for NH works in progress? – June 2026 • Road allocation in 2025-26? – ₹17,383.81 crore • Rural roads completed in 2025-26 (to December)? – 7,368 km

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 2 is wrong – the Ramgarh (Jaisalmer) plant runs on local Jaisalmer-basin gas (Manihari Tibba and other fields); the Dholpur combined-cycle plant (330 MW) gets gas through the HBJ/GAIL pipeline. Gas capacity: Dholpur 330 + Ramgarh 270.5 = 600.50 MW. The state's hydro (1,017.29 MW) – Mahi (140 MW), Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar (Chambal – shared), shares in Bhakra-Beas, mini-micro hydro. The central gas allocation (221.10 MW, NTPC) was surrendered in 2021 because of high cost. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Capacity of the Dholpur gas plant? – 330 MW • Ramgarh plant runs on gas from which basin? – Jaisalmer basin • State's total hydro capacity (owned/shared)? – 1,017.29 MW

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Solar plants are built in 1-2 years, while EHV transmission lines and sub-stations take longer (land, forest/Great Indian Bustard protection hurdles) – hence grid congestion and curtailment; so R is the reason for A. Supreme Court directions to protect the godawan (Great Indian Bustard) – restrictions on overhead lines/the question of laying them underground. Remedies – Green Energy Corridor, ISTS expansion, battery storage (BESS), pumped storage, hybrid projects; 10 GW storage target in the Integrated Clean Energy Policy 2024. State transmission – 45,933 circuit km, 678 EHV sub-stations (December 2025). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • English name of godawan? – Great Indian Bustard • Storage target in ICEP 2024? – 10 GW (hydro/pumped/battery) • EHV sub-stations in the state (December 2025)? – 678

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – per the Economic Review, 70,566 farm connections were released in 2025-26 (to December 2025); the '2 lakh+' figure was cited by the Chief Minister as a two-year achievement. Dhani – small scattered hamlets of western Rajasthan where grid extension is costly; off-grid solar is useful there. Saubhagya (2017) – universal household electrification; DDUGJY (2014) – rural feeder separation and strengthening. Farm consumers – 21.08 lakh (November 2025). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • New farm connections in 2025-26 (to December)? – 70,566 • Saubhagya scheme? – 2017 • Farm power consumers in the state? – 21.08 lakh

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Power reform – unbundling generation, transmission and distribution to raise efficiency, accountability and investment. Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission (RERC, 2000) – tariff fixing, licensing, consumer grievance redressal. Rajasthan Urja Vikas Nigam (RUVNL) – manages power purchase and trading; RRECL – nodal for renewables. Central Electricity Act 2003 – a unified framework, open access, trading. Challenges – accumulated losses/debt of discoms (UDAY 2015), AT&C losses, farm tariff subsidy. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Formation of RERC? – 2000 • Corporation that manages power purchase-trading? – RUVNL • Central Electricity Act? – 2003

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: Dabok – Udaipur; Sanganer – Jaipur; Nal – Bikaner; Kishangarh – Ajmer. 📘 Understand in depth: Jaipur (Sanganer) – the state's main international airport (international status in 2005); others – Jodhpur, Udaipur (Dabok), Jaisalmer, Bikaner (Nal), Kishangarh (Ajmer; UDAN – 2017). Civil Aviation Policy 2024 – upgrading Uttarlai (Barmer) and Udaipur, a new greenfield airport at Kota with AAI, a cargo complex at Jaipur, night-landing at several airstrips. Tourism Policy 2025 – VGF for air connectivity. Economic value – tourism, exports (gems-jewellery, handicrafts, fruit-vegetables) and investment. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did Jaipur airport get international status? – 2005 • Kishangarh airport is linked to which scheme? – UDAN • Tourism-policy provision for air connectivity? – VGF

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Road density = road length ÷ area; it stays low in large, sparsely populated districts such as Jaisalmer, Barmer and Bikaner – R explains A. State average – 97.97 km per 100 sq km (March 2025); 91.68% of villages connected by road. Remedies – PMGSY, rural road schemes, Bharatmala (Amritsar-Jamnagar corridor), border roads (BRO), Atal Pragati Path; the state road development and maintenance programme (₹60,000 crore+ in 5 years). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • State road density (March 2025)? – 97.97 km/100 sq km • Road builder in border areas? – BRO • Villages connected by road? – 91.68%

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: By surface (total 3,35,306 km): black-top 2,72,162 (~81%); gravel 42,226; fair-weather 12,031; metal 8,886. By category: village roads 2,16,144 (~64%), ODR 72,822, MDR 18,234, SH 17,316, NH 10,790. PWD – maintains 1.97 lakh km (the rest by Panchayati Raj/urban bodies/forest etc.). Roads were 13,553 km in 1949 – about 25 times growth in 75 years. Quality upgrading – CRIF, NABARD (RIDF), State Road Fund. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Total road length (March 2025)? – 3,35,306 km • Estimated share of black-top roads? – ~81% • Gravel roads? – 42,226 km

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 14,320 km. 📘 Understand in depth: Smart grid – OPGW 14,320 km; communication at 552 sub-station sites; 3 command-and-control centres; data from 535 sub-stations and 20 generating plants integrated. Aim – real-time monitoring, fault detection, grid balancing of RE fluctuations. Other options: 45,933 – total transmission lines (circuit km); 1,09,071 – total EHV sub-station capacity (MVA); 9,000 – capacity of 765 kV sub-stations (MVA). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Command-and-control centres? – 3 • Generating plants integrated? – 20 • Capacity of 765 kV sub-stations? – 9,000 MVA

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – BharatNet (formerly NOFN, 2011) aims to give high-speed optical-fibre broadband to all gram panchayats (and further, villages); the amended BharatNet (2023) – for maintenance and last-mile connectivity. State – 11,031 post offices (10,419 rural); 6.66 crore telecom subscribers (6.53 crore wireless). Digital access supports e-Mitra, DBT, e-Sanjeevani and digital payments; Budget 2026-27 – 100 services on WhatsApp, e-Mitra Mini. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Former name of BharatNet? – NOFN • Full form of IPPB? – India Post Payments Bank • Rural post offices in the state? – 10,419