टॉपिक 13 – ग्रामीण एवं शहरी विकास

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 41 zila parishads, 457 panchayat samitis, 14,403 gram panchayats. 📘 Understand in depth: Three-tier Panchayati Raj structure (73rd Constitutional Amendment 1992; Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Act 1994): zila parishads 41, panchayat samitis 457, gram panchayats 14,403 (after the recent reorganisation). Gram Sabha – the general body of a gram panchayat's voters, not a fourth tier. History – Panchayati Raj was launched in India from Nagaur on 2 October 1959 (Pt. Nehru). Budget 2026-27: buildings for 94 new panchayat samitis, basic works in 3,467 gram panchayats, mini-secretariats in 8 new districts (works worth ₹3,000 crore). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Launch of Panchayati Raj in India? – 2 October 1959, Nagaur • Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Act? – 1994 • Buildings for new panchayat samitis in Budget 2026-27? – 94

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only three statements (1, 2 and 3) are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 4 is wrong – Census 2011 (with district-wise weights). Statement 5 is wrong – use of the PRI grant: 55% basic and development works, 40% national/state priority schemes, 3% incentive for raising own income, 2% gender-friendly places. 2025-26 budget provision ₹7,000 crore; by December 2025, ₹2,452.21 crore spent of ₹4,849.92 crore available, 60,799 works completed. Constitutional base – Articles 243-I (panchayats) and 243-Y (municipalities): the Governor sets up a State Finance Commission every 5 years. 15th Central Finance Commission (2021-26) grant: 40% untied, 60% tied (50% of tied for sanitation/ODF, 50% for drinking water-water harvesting); tier ratio 5:20:75. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Constitutional article on the SFC (panchayats)? – 243-I • Untied grant under the 15th Finance Commission? – 40% • Share of the PRI grant for gender-friendly places? – 2%

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – only 5.11 lakh households (≈8.7%, under a tenth) completed 100 days. 2024-25: spending ₹9,441.01 crore; 2025-26 (to December): ₹4,819.26 crore, 1,554.85 lakh person-days, 42.03 lakh households, 46,684 households completed 100 days. The state's extra guarantee – 25 more days under the Chief Minister Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme after 100 days; 50 extra days for households in 47 Scheduled Tribe blocks. Budget 2026-27 provides ₹7,481 crore for MGNREGA. New central law – VB-G RAM G Act 2025 (from 1 July 2026) – 125 days, 60:40. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Extra work in ST blocks? – 50 days (47 blocks) • MGNREGA spending in 2024-25? – ₹9,441.01 crore • Act replacing MGNREGA? – VB-G RAM G Act 2025

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: MGNREGA (2005 Act; from 2 February 2006) – 100 days, unskilled wages fully paid by the Centre. VB-G RAM G – MGNREGA repealed; 125 days; centrally sponsored 60:40 (PRS, Demand for Grants Analysis 2026-27); revised wage rates from 1 July 2026 – no notified rate below ₹300/day; national average ₹298.8 → ₹327.4. State context – earlier the state's own extra 25-day rural employment guarantee; per the Chief Minister, work days went from 100 to 125. Pointer: the change in cost sharing raises the financial burden on states. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Year of the MGNREGA Act? – 2005 • Minimum wage rate under VB-G RAM G? – Not below ₹300/day • When did MGNREGA begin? – 2 February 2006

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PMAY-G (20 November 2016, Agra; predecessor Indira Awas Yojana 1985) – a pucca house of at least 25 sq m; ₹1,30,000 in hilly/difficult areas (Rajasthan is plains). State progress: 2025-26 target 2,21,135 houses, 2,18,050 sanctioned, 1,08,073 completed by December 2025, spending ₹1,045.61 crore. New survey list – 'Awaas+ 2024' app (self-survey). Sahariya families get ₹2 lakh under PM-JANMAN. SVAMITVA (24 April 2020) – drone survey of rural abadi land, property cards; 4.13 lakh cards in 2025-26. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Launch of PMAY-G? – 20 November 2016, Agra • Predecessor of PMAY-G? – Indira Awas Yojana (1985) • PMAY-G houses completed (December 2025)? – 1,08,073

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: SHGs – 4.29 lakh; families – 51.01 lakh; Lakhpati Didis – 12.98 lakh; Village Organisations – 32,061. 📘 Understand in depth: Rajeevika (Rajasthan Grameen Aajeevika Vikas Parishad; October 2010; autonomous society under the Societies Registration Act 1958; NRLM 60:40): 4.29 lakh SHGs in 38,452 villages; 51.01 lakh families; 32,061 village organisations; 1,078 cluster-level federations; bank savings accounts of 3,42,127 SHGs; bank loans ₹10,788.96 crore; revolving fund ₹501.19 crore (3,18,833 SHGs); community investment fund ₹1,614.83 crore. Lakhpati Didi – annual income ₹1 lakh+ (19.90 lakh trained, 12.98 lakh achieved); Budget 2026-27 raised the Lakhpati Didi loan limit from ₹1 lakh to ₹1.5 lakh. Rajasthan Mahila Nidhi – ₹735 crore lent to 1,54,861 women at 2.5% interest (8% state interest subsidy). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When was Rajeevika founded? – October 2010 • Cluster-level federations? – 1,078 • Lakhpati Didi loan limit in Budget 2026-27? – ₹1.5 lakh

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Aim of SBM-G Phase II – sustain ODF status and make villages ODF Plus (solid-liquid waste management, visual cleanliness). 2025-26 (to December): 1.05 lakh toilets; 2,205 community sanitary complexes (₹3 lakh each, 30% from the 15th Finance Commission grant); 414 ODF Plus model villages; 7 Gobar-Dhan projects (one model project proposed per district); spending ₹100.67 crore. SBM (2 October 2014); SBM-U is separate – Local Self-Government department. 'Swachhata Hi Seva' campaign. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did SBM begin? – 2 October 2014 • ODF Plus model villages (2025-26)? – 414 • Share of the 15th FC grant in a community sanitary complex? – 30%

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: 75 × 33 = 2,475 – so R directly explains A (after the 2023 district reorganisation the target was not restated for 41 districts). Mission Amrit Sarovar (24 April 2022, National Panchayati Raj Day; Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav) – each sarovar at least 1 acre of water area and about 10,000 cubic metres of storage; through convergence of MGNREGA, the 15th Finance Commission, PMKSY etc. In the state 3,138 works were completed in phase one and 601 identified in phase two. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did Mission Amrit Sarovar begin? – 24 April 2022 • Minimum storage of one Amrit Sarovar? – ~10,000 cubic metres • Works completed in the state in phase one? – 3,138

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Urban local bodies: 196 in 2019 → 309 in 2025 (10 municipal corporations in the state); wards 7,475 → 10,175 (+2,700). Proposed wards – Jaipur 150 → 250, Jodhpur 100 → 160, Kota 80 → 130; Ajmer, Udaipur, Bikaner, Alwar, Bharatpur 80 (unchanged). In 2019 two corporations each had been formed in Jaipur (Heritage and Greater), Jodhpur (North and South) and Kota (North and South); re-integrated in 2025. ULBs: municipal corporation, municipal council, municipality (74th Constitutional Amendment 1992; Rajasthan Municipalities Act 2009). Development authorities (7) – Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Kota, Bikaner, Bharatpur. Elections to 309 ULBs in September 2026. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Municipal corporations in the state? – 10 • Rajasthan Municipalities Act? – 2009 • Constitutional amendment on urban local bodies? – 74th (1992)

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 2 and 3 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 1 is wrong – Rajasthan's 4 cities under the Smart Cities Mission (25 June 2015) are Jaipur, Udaipur, Kota and Ajmer. First phase of AMRUT (2015) covered 29 cities; AMRUT 2.0 (1 October 2021) – universal water-supply coverage in all statutory towns, sewerage in 500 AMRUT cities, revival of water bodies, 'Pey Jal Survekshan'. State: under AMRUT 2.0, drinking-water infrastructure works of ₹5,100 crore sanctioned for 178 ULBs (State Water Plan 2047 conclave). Others – SBM-U 2.0 (garbage-free cities), PMAY-U 2.0 (2024; 1 crore urban houses), Mukhyamantri SVANidhi (loans to urban unorganised workers/street vendors), RAJ-SETU urban infrastructure fund (Budget 2026-27). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did the Smart Cities Mission begin? – 25 June 2015 • When did AMRUT 2.0 begin? – 1 October 2021 • Urban development allocation in Budget 2026-27? – ₹20,184 crore (+58%)

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: Ujalaa – NDDB-supported 6 districts; Hadauti women FPC – Kota and Baran; Van Dhan – 517 centres; Namo Drone Didi – 3% interest subsidy for 1,070 drones. 📘 Understand in depth: Ujalaa Milk Producer Company (₹41.89 crore, NDDB-supported) – Kota, Baran, Jhalawar, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Bundi; 30,033 families, milk worth ₹500 crore bought. Hadauti Women Farmer Producer Company (₹17.39 crore) – Kota-Baran, 18,345 families, turnover ₹34.20 crore. 517 Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (PM Van Dhan Yojana, TRIFED) – value addition to minor forest produce. Namo Drone Didi – 50 drones in 46 blocks (30 districts), about 12,500 acres covered. Others: 65 FPOs (45,531 families), 3,237 producer groups, 54,879 women enterprises, 254 women-run canteens, 63 lakh sanitary pads under the Udaan scheme. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Ujalaa company is supported by? – NDDB • FPOs linked to Rajeevika? – 65 • Nodal body of the Van Dhan scheme? – TRIFED

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Decentralised planning – Article 243-G of the Constitution (powers of panchayats; 29 subjects of the 11th Schedule). Uploaded in 2025-26: 11,173 gram panchayat, 346 block panchayat and 31 district panchayat plans (coverage incomplete at all tiers). e-Gram Swaraj (24 April 2020) – integrated portal for planning, accounting and payments of panchayats. SVAMITVA (24 April 2020) – Survey of India, Panchayati Raj and Revenue departments; pattas under the Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Act 1996; 4.13 lakh cards in 2025-26. Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) – on 9 LSDG themes. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Schedule listing panchayat subjects? – 11th (29 subjects) • Launch of e-Gram Swaraj? – 24 April 2020 • Gram panchayat plans uploaded under GPDP 2025-26? – 11,173

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is: Phase-1A, Mansarovar to Chandpole (9.6 km). 📘 Understand in depth: Jaipur Metro (Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation): Phase-1A – Mansarovar-Chandpole 9.6 km (running since 3 June 2015); Phase-1B – Chandpole-Badi Chaupar 2.4 km, underground, in the heritage area of the walled city (2020). Proposed Phase-2 – North-South corridor (Sitapura-Ambabari/Todi Mod etc.; length varies by plan). Urban transport – e-buses (PM e-Bus Sewa), budget expansion of public transport for Jaipur-Jodhpur-Kota. Vision 2047 targets – 100 buses per 1 lakh population, a 100% electric/hydrogen fleet by 2047. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Jaipur Metro Phase-1A running since? – 3 June 2015 • Nature of Phase-1B? – Underground • Proposed Phase-2? – North-South corridor

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Under MGNREGA the Centre paid 100% of unskilled wages and 75% of material; the state paid 25% of material and the unemployment allowance. Under VB-G RAM G the 60:40 sharing and the rise in work days from 100 to 125 both raise the state's share; so R explains A. Rajasthan's MGNREGA spending was ₹9,441.01 crore in 2024-25 – 40% of such a burden falling on the state budget is an important fiscal question. Budget 2026-27 provides ₹7,481 crore for rural employment (MGNREGA head). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Material cost sharing under MGNREGA? – Centre 75 : state 25 • Work days under VB-G RAM G? – 125 • State MGNREGA spending in 2024-25? – ₹9,441.01 crore

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All five pairs are correctly matched. 📘 Understand in depth: Bank Sakhi – 7,104 Digital Sakhis and 6,053 BC Sakhis; transactions ₹671.07 crore – 'doorstep' banking in rural areas. Solar Didi – 25,000 identified against a target of 25,000 (help under PM Surya Ghar/KUSUM). Pashu Sakhi 37,369 – animal health/vaccination support; Krishi Sakhi 36,787 – natural farming, soil health. Lakhpati Didi – 24,907 community resource persons, 796 master trainers. All these community cadres work under Rajeevika (Rural Development department). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Rajeevika is under which department? – Rural Development • Transactions by Bank Sakhis? – ₹671.07 crore • Master trainers for Lakhpati Didi? – 796

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Census 2011 – urban population about 1.70 crore; Jaipur (52.4%) the second most urbanised district; Dungarpur about 6.4%. Projection – urbanisation ~27.7% by 2031. Institutional set-up for urban development – Local Self-Government department (ULBs), Urban Development department (7 development authorities – Jaipur since 1982, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Kota, Bikaner, Bharatpur; urban improvement trusts), RUIDP (Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project, 1999, Asian Development Bank aid), RUDSICO. Budget 2026-27 – urban development ₹20,184 crore (+58%), the RAJ-SETU urban infrastructure fund. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When was the Jaipur Development Authority set up? – 1982 • RUIDP is aided by which body? – Asian Development Bank • National urbanisation (2011)? – 31.16%

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PMAY-U 2.0 (Union Cabinet approval August 2024; 2024-29) – EWS/LIG/MIG; central assistance about ₹2.30 lakh crore; under ISS an interest subsidy on loans up to ₹25 lakh for houses worth up to ₹35 lakh; priority to women/senior citizens/disabled/transgender/SC-ST/minorities etc. PMAY-U (first phase, 25 June 2015) – about 3.06 lakh houses sanctioned and 2.13 lakh completed in the state (February 2025, source: urban development vision document). Vision 2047 – 'slum-free' cities (current slum population ~12.13%). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When did PMAY-U's first phase begin? – 25 June 2015 • Maximum house value under ISS? – ₹35 lakh • Period of PMAY-U 2.0? – 2024-29

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PM SVANidhi (after COVID-19; Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs) – loans in graded tranches (initially ₹10,000 → ₹20,000 → ₹50,000; in the August 2025 restructuring ₹15,000 → ₹25,000 → ₹50,000, a UPI-linked credit card and tenure to March 2030); 7% interest subsidy; 'SVANidhi se Samriddhi' – linking vendor families with welfare schemes. Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation) Act 2014 – town vending committees, vending certificates. State – Mukhyamantri SVANidhi (loans to urban unorganised workers), Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Interest subsidy under PM SVANidhi? – 7% • Street Vendors Act? – 2014 • Extended tenure of PM SVANidhi? – March 2030

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: PMGSY – 2000; MGNREGA – 2006; NRLM – 2011; SBM – 2014. 📘 Understand in depth: PMGSY – 25 December 2000 (all-weather roads to unconnected habitations; PMGSY-III 2019). MGNREGA – Act 2005, implemented from 2 February 2006 (from Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh; 200 districts), all districts by 2008; now the VB-G RAM G Act 2025 (from 1 July 2026). NRLM 'Aajeevika' – June 2011 (replacing Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana; 'Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-NRLM' from 2015); Rajeevika in Rajasthan (October 2010). SBM – 2 October 2014; Rajasthan ODF March 2018. Indira Awas Yojana (1985) → PMAY-G (2016). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • First implementation site of MGNREGA? – Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) • NRLM replaced which scheme? – SGSY • Present name of NRLM? – DAY-NRLM

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: The very rationale of tied grants is to ensure investment in national priorities (ODF sustainability – SBM-G Phase II; Har Ghar Jal – JJM) – so R is the reason for A. Structure: 40% untied (for local needs; not for salaries/establishment), 60% tied (50% sanitation-ODF, 50% drinking water-rainwater harvesting-water recycling); two instalments (50-50). 2025-26 budget provision in the state ₹3,087 crore; by December 2025 ₹1,997.42 crore spent of ₹2,953.33 crore available, 50,934 works completed. 30% of community sanitary complexes is funded from the 15th FC grant. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Untied share of the 15th FC grant? – 40% • Untied grants cannot be spent on? – Salaries/establishment • Works completed from the 15th FC grant (December 2025)? – 50,934

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is Dongargarh (Chhattisgarh), 21 February 2016. 📘 Understand in depth: SPMRM – 300 'Rurban clusters' (urban amenities in rural areas – 'soul of the village, facilities of the city'); 14 components (skills, agro-processing, digital literacy, sanitation, drinking water, roads, health-education etc.); critical gap funding up to 30%. Clusters in several districts of Rajasthan. Other options: Nagaur – launch of Panchayati Raj (2 October 1959); Ballia – PMUY (1 May 2016); Agra – PMAY-G (20 November 2016). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • How many Rurban clusters? – 300 • Critical gap funding under the Rurban Mission? – Up to 30% • Launch place of PMAY-G? – Agra

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: 243G – powers of panchayats; 243W – powers of municipalities; 243ZD – District Planning Committee; 243ZE – Metropolitan Planning Committee. 📘 Understand in depth: 11th Schedule – 29 subjects (agriculture, drinking water, rural housing, poverty alleviation etc.); 12th Schedule – 18 subjects (town planning, water supply, sanitation, slum improvement etc.). District Planning Committee (243ZD) – consolidates the plans of panchayats and municipalities into a draft district development plan. Others – 243-I/243-Y (State Finance Commission), 243K/243ZA (State Election Commission). Devolution under the state's 6th SFC – 7% (PRI 73.2 : ULB 26.8). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Subjects in the 11th Schedule? – 29 • Subjects in the 12th Schedule? – 18 • Article on the State Election Commission (municipalities)? – 243ZA

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: PESA – recommended by the Dilip Singh Bhuria committee; supremacy of the Gram Sabha – protecting customs/cultural identity, approving development plans, selecting beneficiaries, ownership of minor forest produce, village markets, control over intoxicants and money-lending. Rajasthan's Scheduled Areas – Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh (full), Udaipur, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Pali, Sirohi (partial). Complements – Forest Rights Act 2006, TSP, Maa-Badi centres, PM-JANMAN. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Committee that recommended PESA? – Bhuria committee • Rajasthan PESA Rules? – 2011 • Supreme body under PESA? – Gram Sabha

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 2 is wrong – components of SBM-U 2.0: source segregation, door-to-door collection, material recovery facilities (MRF), waste-to-energy/compost, bio-remediation of old dumpsites (legacy waste), ODF++/Water+ (used-water management), construction-demolition waste management. State – Vision 2047 targets 80% waste processing by 2030 and 100% by 2047, and 100% clearance of legacy waste; door-to-door collection in 98%+ wards (urban development vision document). Alongside, AMRUT 2.0 (water-secure cities). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Start of SBM-U 2.0? – 1 October 2021 • Method for clearing legacy waste? – Bio-remediation • Certification for used-water management? – Water+

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – the scheme (August 2023) is for cities with 3 lakh to 40 lakh people (priority to cities without organised bus services); outlay about ₹57,613 crore (Centre ~₹20,000 crore); bus-depot infrastructure and 'green urban mobility' initiatives. State – Rajasthan EV Policy 2022, Vehicle Scrapping Policy 2025; Vision 2047 – 100 buses per 1 lakh population, a 100% electric/hydrogen fleet by 2047. Urban mobility – Jaipur Metro (1A and 1B), ring roads (15 cities). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Population band for PM e-Bus Sewa? – 3 lakh to 40 lakh • Start of the scheme? – August 2023 • Vision 2047 bus target? – 100 buses per 1 lakh

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 14 digits. 📘 Understand in depth: ULPIN (Unique Land Parcel Identification Number) – a 14-digit alphanumeric number based on the parcel's geo-coordinates (latitude-longitude); part of the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP); Bhu-Aadhaar for rural land announced in Union Budget 2024-25. Benefits – fewer land disputes, easier credit (land mortgage), integration with schemes. Rajasthan – online land records 'Apna Khata', e-Dharti; property cards for abadi land under SVAMITVA (4.13 lakh in 2025-26); pattas for rural abadi under the Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Act 1994/Rules 1996. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • ULPIN is part of which programme? – DILRMP • Rajasthan's online land-record portal? – Apna Khata • SVAMITVA cards 2025-26? – 4.13 lakh

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: The special powers are given precisely to serve this aim – tribal self-government (a central role for the 'Gram Sabha' in Scheduled Areas) – so R is the reason for A. Article 244 and the Fifth Schedule – administration of Scheduled Areas; special powers of the Governor; Tribes Advisory Council. Rajasthan – Scheduled Area extended by the 2018 notification; TAD department; PESA Rules 2011. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Article on Scheduled Areas? – 244 • Tribes Advisory Council is in which schedule? – Fifth • Extension of Scheduled Areas in Rajasthan? – 2018

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is Urban Development Tax (UD Tax). 📘 Understand in depth: In 2007 Rajasthan abolished the house tax and levied an urban development tax on residential (above a set area), commercial and industrial properties – a main own-revenue source of urban bodies. Other sources – building-permission fees, land-use conversion charges, advertisement tax, user charges (garbage collection). Octroi was abolished in Rajasthan in 1998. Challenge – low collection efficiency; so ULBs depend on state transfers (26.8% of the 6th SFC's 7%), 15th Finance Commission grants and central missions (AMRUT 2.0, SBM-U 2.0). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • When was house tax abolished in Rajasthan? – 2007 • ULBs' share under the 6th SFC? – 26.8% • When was octroi abolished in Rajasthan? – 1998

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Census 2027 – under the Census Act 1948; two phases – house-listing and population enumeration; data collection by mobile app, with a self-enumeration option. Planning value – the first census since 2011; updates indicators of urbanisation, migration, housing, drinking water-sanitation; population data are used by the Finance Commission and for delimitation. Rajasthan – estimated population (1 October 2025) 8.33 crore; 6.85 crore in 2011, urbanisation 24.87%. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Under which law is the census held? – Census Act 1948 • Rajasthan's estimated population (1 October 2025)? – 8.33 crore • Previous census? – 2011

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Weak own revenue is the cause of dependence on transfers – R explains A. Remedies – GIS-based property surveys, online tax payment, user charges, municipal bonds, PPP; the 15th Finance Commission made property-tax reform a condition of grants (notifying floor rates). State – 309 urban bodies, 10 municipal corporations; the RAJ-SETU urban infrastructure fund and ₹20,184 crore for urban development in Budget 2026-27. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • 15th FC condition for urban grants? – Property-tax reform • Municipal corporations in the state? – 10 • Urban infrastructure fund (Budget 2026-27)? – RAJ-SETU