टॉपिक 04 – पशुपालन डेयरी मत्स्य सहकारिता

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Correct match: camel 84.43%; goat 14.00%; buffalo 12.47%; cattle 7.24%. 📘 Understand in depth: 20th Livestock Census (2019): total livestock in the state 568.01 lakh (10.60% of India; second in the country – Uttar Pradesh first) and poultry 146.23 lakh. The state's share of sheep is 10.64%. Within the state, goats are the most numerous, followed by cattle, buffalo and sheep. Compared with 2012, camels, sheep and donkeys fell, while cattle, buffalo and poultry rose. For camel protection: the 'Rajasthan Camel (Prohibition of Slaughter and Regulation of Temporary Migration or Export) Act 2015', and the camel is the 'state animal' (30 June 2014). The 21st livestock census began nationwide on 25 October 2024 – fully digital (mobile app) for the first time, with breed-wise data. The livestock census has been held every 5 years since 1919. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • State's total livestock in census 2019? – 568.01 lakh • When did the 21st livestock census begin? – 25 October 2024 • State's rank in livestock numbers? – Second

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Mukhyamantri Mangla Pashu Bima Yojana (announced in Budget 2024-25): free insurance of milch cows-buffaloes, camels and sheep-goats of Jan Aadhaar-holding livestock keepers; the state pays 100% of the premium; a new phase of free insurance for indigenous breeds from 1 December 2025; per the Economic Review about 10.63 lakh animals insured. Mobile Veterinary Units (a component of the centrally sponsored 'Livestock Health and Disease Control' programme): 536 units, call centre 1962 – veterinary care at the doorstep. Others: 700 new veterinary sub-centres sanctioned, 151 sub-centres upgraded to hospitals; free foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination of cows-buffaloes; 21 lakh+ animals treated/vaccinated in rural service camps 2025. Animal camps during the 'Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Antyodaya Sambal Pakhwada' (24 June – 9 July 2025). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Toll-free helpline of MVUs? – 1962 • Animals insured under Mangla Pashu Bima (Economic Review)? – About 10.63 lakh • New veterinary sub-centres sanctioned? – 700

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Under the Gaushala Vikas Yojana the ratio is 90:10 (government:public contribution), up to a maximum of ₹10 lakh – so statement II is wrong. Others: Panchayat Samiti-level Nandishala scheme (90:10), Gram Gaushala/animal shelter scheme (about ₹1 crore per unit, 90:10), one year of upkeep grant for cattle rescued from slaughter/smuggling, value-addition training in cow products (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Pali). The Gopalan Department became a separate department in 2013 (Rajasthan was a pioneer in this). Cattle Conservation and Promotion Fund (2016) – financed by a surcharge/cess on stamp duty. Rajasthan Bovine Animal (Prohibition of Slaughter and Regulation of Temporary Migration or Export) Act 1995. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Formation of the Gopalan Department? – 2013 • Maximum assistance under the Gaushala Vikas Yojana? – ₹10 lakh (90:10) • Rajasthan Bovine Animal slaughter prohibition Act? – 1995

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: Dugdh Utpadak Sambal Yojana: a per-litre subsidy to livestock keepers supplying milk to cooperative dairy societies – raised from ₹2 to ₹5 per litre in 2022-23; since the subsidy is paid only on milk measured through the cooperative system, only cooperative suppliers benefit (R explains A). Budget 2026-27: ₹700 crore, about 5 lakh livestock keepers. Cooperative dairy structure (December 2025): 19,643 dairy cooperative societies, 24 district milk producers' unions, apex – Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF, Jaipur; brand 'Saras'; 'Anand pattern'); average milk collection about 30.29 lakh kg per day. Other RCDF schemes: Raj Saras Suraksha Kavach (accident insurance – ₹5 lakh for death/total permanent disability, ₹2.5 lakh partial), Saras Samuhik Arogya Bima. Cooperative dairy infrastructure development fund ₹2,000 crore (2026-27), a ₹200 crore milk processing plant at Alwar. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • State's apex cooperative dairy body? – RCDF (brand Saras) • Dairy cooperative societies (December 2025)? – 19,643 • Raj Saras Suraksha Kavach death cover? – ₹5 lakh

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Economic Review 2025-26: national share (2023-24) – milk 14.51% (second after Uttar Pradesh), wool 47.53% (first); livestock product mix (2025-26) – milk 79.60%, meat (including poultry) 7.46%, eggs 0.67%, others 12.27%. Meaning: the state's livestock economy is 'milk-dominated', which is why cooperative dairy (RCDF), milk producer support, the Gopal Credit Card and the dairy infrastructure fund are priorities. The reason it leads in wool – sheep rearing in the western arid zone (Chokla, Magra, Marwari, Nali breeds); key institute – Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar (Tonk); Bikaner – a big wool market. Viksit Rajasthan 2047 target – raise milk output by 25% by 2030 and 40% by 2047. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • First state in milk output? – Uttar Pradesh • Rajasthan's rank in wool output? – First (47.53%) • Share of meat in livestock products? – 7.46%

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 2 and 3 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Rajasthan is landlocked, so fish output is entirely inland – statement 1 is wrong. Economic Review 2025-26: about 4.30 lakh ha of water area; fish output (up to December 2025) about 78,013 metric tonnes; fisheries' share of agricultural GVA only about 0.54% (the lowest sub-sector). Schemes: Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) – subsidies for ponds, shrimp farming, cage culture, feed mills; group accident insurance for active fishers; fish-seed hatcheries. Main fish – Indian major carps (catla, rohu, mrigal). Main reservoirs – Jaisamand, Mahi Bajaj Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Bisalpur. Viksit Rajasthan 2047 target – 70% rise in fish output. The Churu laboratory tests saline water for shrimp farmers. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Fisheries' share of agricultural GVA? – About 0.54% • Main central scheme for fisheries? – PMMSY • Fish output up to December 2025? – About 78,013 tonnes

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only three statements (1, 3 and 4) are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 2 is wrong – there are 29 central cooperative banks (not a separate CCB in every district, given the new districts). Statement 5 is wrong – the apex consumer cooperative body is 'Confed' (Rajasthan State Cooperative Consumers' Federation); Rajfed (Rajasthan State Cooperative Marketing Federation) is the apex body for marketing/procurement. Figures: 42,858 cooperatives – 23 federations, 24 milk unions, 38 consumer wholesale stores, 9,086 PACS, 285 marketing/fruit-vegetable societies; 36 primary land development banks. The Centre's 'Sahkar se Samriddhi' approach – computerising PACS, making PACS multipurpose (Jan Aushadhi Kendra, CSC, petrol pumps, PM Kisan Samriddhi Kendra), PACS godowns under the 'world's largest grain storage plan'. The UN declared 2025 the 'International Year of Cooperatives'. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Central cooperative banks in the state? – 29 • Apex consumer cooperative body? – Confed • International Year of Cooperatives? – 2025

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – Rajasthan is fourth in sheep (about 79 lakh; after Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka), though first in wool output (47.53%). Rajasthan's other ranks – goats: first (about 2.08 crore, 14%), camels: first (84.43%), buffaloes: second (after Uttar Pradesh, 12.47%). Total livestock 568.01 lakh (10.60% of India) and poultry 146.23 lakh. From 2012 to 2019 bovines rose in the state, while sheep, camels and donkeys fell. Why first in wool but fourth in sheep – southern states' sheep are mainly for meat (hairy/low-wool breeds), while Rajasthan's Chokla, Magra, Marwari, Jaisalmeri etc. give wool. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Rajasthan in goats? – First • Rajasthan in buffaloes? – Second • First state in sheep? – Telangana

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 1919-20. 📘 Understand in depth: The livestock census is usually held every five years; the first after independence – 1951 (6th census); 19th – 2012; 20th – 2019 (online data on tablets for the first time, breed-wise count); 21st – October 2024 to February 2025 (16 species, 219 breeds; mobile app; separate data on pastoral communities). Conduct – the state animal husbandry department under the guidance of the Union Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying; door-to-door count. Uses – livestock policy, vaccination targets (NADCP), fodder plans, breed improvement, estimating the livestock sector in GSDP (49.35% of Rajasthan's agri GVA comes from livestock). Census data show that livestock acts as 'drought insurance' in Rajasthan's rural economy – income from milk, wool and meat even when rains fail. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • First livestock census of free India? – 1951 • First digital (tablet) census? – 20th (2019) • Breeds in the 21st census? – 219

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: India has been the world's largest milk producer since 1998 (about a quarter of world output). Top states – Uttar Pradesh (~16%), Rajasthan (~14.5%), Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra. The ICMR's suggested minimum availability is about 300 grams/day; Rajasthan's per capita availability is well above the national average (among the leaders with Punjab, Haryana). Buffaloes contribute most milk, then indigenous and crossbred cows, goats (goat milk is a notable share in Rajasthan) and camels. Milk is 79.60% of the value of the state's livestock products. Main state schemes – Mukhyamantri Dugdh Utpadak Sambal Yojana (₹5 a litre; ₹700 crore in Budget 2026-27, ~5 lakh livestock keepers), dairy infrastructure fund (raised from ₹1,000 crore to ₹2,000 crore), Gopal Credit Card. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • India largest milk producer since? – 1998 • First state in milk output? – Uttar Pradesh • Milk's share in livestock products (Rajasthan)? – 79.60%

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is Lumpi-ProVacInd. 📘 Understand in depth: Developed by ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Hisar with the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar; released in August 2022. LSD – a capripox virus disease; vectors – mosquitoes, flies, ticks; signs – skin nodules, fever, sharp fall in milk yield; it does not spread to humans. In 2022 Rajasthan was among the worst-hit states – many cattle died in western districts (Barmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jalore, Ganganagar etc.); goat pox vaccine was given as an immediate step. Other options – Raksha-FMD: foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (in NADCP); Brucella S-19: brucellosis vaccine for heifer calves; Covaxin: a human Covid-19 vaccine. Lesson – the importance of surveillance, quick vaccination, livestock insurance (Mangla Pashu Bima) and mobile veterinary units (1962) for animal health. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Cause of LSD? – Capripox virus • Foot-and-mouth vaccine? – Raksha-FMD • Does LSD spread to humans? – No

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Correct match – Gir: Ajmer-Bhilwara-Chittorgarh; Kankrej: Jalore-Barmer-Sirohi; Nagori: Nagaur; Mewati: Alwar-Bharatpur. 📘 Understand in depth: Gir – native to Gujarat's Gir forest; also called 'Ajmera/Rendha' in Rajasthan; an excellent milker. Kankrej – also 'Sanchori' in the Sanchore area; dual-purpose (milk and draught); heavy, fast-moving bullocks. Nagori – famous for agile, hardy draught bullocks (Ramdevji cattle fair, Manasar-Nagaur). Mewati ('Kosi') – hardy, for farm work; Alwar-Bharatpur (Mewat region). Others – Rathi ('Kamdhenu of Rajasthan', Bikaner-Sri Ganganagar, excellent milker), Tharparkar (Barmer-Jaisalmer, 'Malani'), Hariana (Sikar-Jhunjhunu), Malvi (Jhalawar). To conserve indigenous breeds – Rashtriya Gokul Mission (2014), sex-sorted semen, IVF and embryo transfer; growing demand for A2 milk has raised the economic value of Gir, Rathi and Tharparkar. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • 'Kamdhenu of Rajasthan'? – Rathi • 'Sanchori' is the local name of which breed? – Kankrej • 'Malani' refers to which breed? – Tharparkar

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: The answer is MPUAT, Udaipur. 📘 Understand in depth: Pratapdhan – for rural/backyard poultry; more eggs and faster body growth than desi hens, coloured feathers (protection from birds of prey) and hardiness in local conditions. Useful for raising nutrition and income in tribal southern Rajasthan (Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh) – a complement to nutrition programmes such as the Cash Plus model. Rajasthan's poultry count is 146.23 lakh (2019) – relatively low nationally; poultry farming is mainly in Ajmer (Pushkar-Beawar area), Jaipur, Alwar. The National Livestock Mission (entrepreneurship component) gives capital subsidy for rural poultry hatcheries and parent farms. Other options – CARI Izatnagar: breeds such as CARI Nirbheek, CARI Shyama; CSWRI Avikanagar: sheep-rabbit; RAJUVAS Bikaner (2010): veterinary education. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Pratapdhan is what kind of breed? – Dual-purpose coloured poultry • Rajasthan poultry count 2019? – 146.23 lakh • RAJUVAS founded? – 2010

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – eligible: individual entrepreneurs, private companies, MSMEs, farmer producer organisations (FPO), Section-8 companies; dairy cooperatives were added later. Aim – investment in dairy processing and value addition (milk powder, ice cream, paneer), meat processing, animal feed plants, breed-improvement technology, waste-to-wealth from animal waste (biogas/organic manure). Loan guarantee – a ₹750 crore credit guarantee fund. It was part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat package (2020); in 2024 it was continued with other schemes of the animal husbandry department. Relevance for Rajasthan – despite being second in milk output, processing capacity is low; the state's dairy infrastructure fund (₹2,000 crore in Budget 2026-27) and RIPS 2024/Food Park Policy 2024 complement it. The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF, ₹1 lakh crore) follows the same model for post-harvest infrastructure. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • AHIDF size? – ₹15,000 crore • AHIDF interest subvention? – 3% • Part of which package? – Atmanirbhar Bharat (2020)

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: National Cooperation Policy 2025 – released on 24 July 2025 by the Union Cooperation Minister; the previous policy was of 2002; drafting committee – chaired by Suresh Prabhu. Goals – tripling the cooperative sector's share in GDP, at least one cooperative in every village, 50 crore active members, youth-women participation, a 'model cooperative village' in every tehsil. Tribhuvan Sahkari University – on the IRMA (Institute of Rural Management Anand) campus; named after Tribhuvandas Patel (founder-chairman of Amul); education-training in cooperative management, finance, technology. 2025 – 'International Year of Cooperatives' by the UN (theme – 'Cooperatives Build a Better World'). Ministry of Cooperation – 6 July 2021; Rajasthan has 42,858 registered cooperatives and 9,086 PACS. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Previous National Cooperation Policy? – 2002 • Chair of the policy drafting committee? – Suresh Prabhu • International Year of Cooperatives? – 2025

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statements 1 and 2 are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement 3 is wrong – the Supreme Court (Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah, July 2021) struck down the provisions of Part IXB relating to state cooperatives, since 'cooperative societies' is a State List subject (entry 32) and the amendment had not been ratified by half the states under Article 368(2); Part IXB (Articles 243ZH to 243ZT) remains valid for multi-state cooperatives. Provisions of Part IXB – at most 21 directors on a board, one seat reserved for SC/ST and two for women, a 5-year term, timely elections and audit. Rajasthan – a State Cooperative Election Authority and audit arrangements under the Cooperative Societies Act 2001 (rules 2003); first cooperative society – Bhinay (Ajmer), 1904. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Cooperative societies are in which list? – State List (entry 32) • Articles of Part IXB? – 243ZH to 243ZT • Maximum directors on a cooperative board? – 21

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: Correct match – Amul: 1946; NAFED: 1958; NCDC: 1963; NDDB: 1965. 📘 Understand in depth: Amul – 1946 in Kaira (Kheda) district, led by Tribhuvandas Patel and inspired by Sardar Patel; Dr. Verghese Kurien turned it into the 'Anand pattern' (village society – district union – state federation); Rajasthan's RCDF (1977, Saras) follows this pattern. NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation) – 2 October 1958; central nodal agency for MSP purchase of pulses-oilseeds (PSS) – buys mustard-gram in Rajasthan with RAJFED. NCDC – 1963 under the NCDC Act 1962; loans-grants to cooperatives (now under the Ministry of Cooperation). NDDB – 1965, Anand; ran Operation Flood (1970-96); now 'White Revolution 2.0'. Others – NABARD 1982; IFFCO 1967; KRIBHCO 1980. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Architect of the Anand pattern? – Dr. Verghese Kurien • Operation Flood? – 1970-96 • IFFCO founded? – 1967

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is Bhinay (Ajmer), 1904. 📘 Understand in depth: Background – after the Cooperative Credit Societies Act 1904 (Lord Curzon's time), the agricultural credit society of Bhinay in Ajmer-Merwara (a British-ruled area) became the state's first cooperative; the Cooperative Societies Act 1912 also recognised non-credit societies. Princely states later brought their own cooperative laws; after Rajasthan's unification came the Rajasthan Cooperative Societies Act 1965 and now the 2001 Act. Present structure – short-term credit: Rajasthan State Cooperative Bank (apex) – 29 central cooperative banks – 9,086 PACS (three-tier); long-term credit: land development banks (36 PLDBs); marketing: RAJFED, purchase-sale cooperatives; consumer: CONFED; dairy: RCDF – 24 milk unions – 19,643 dairy cooperatives. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Cooperative Credit Societies Act? – 1904 • Rajasthan's present cooperative Act? – 2001 • Number of PLDBs? – 36

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: Only statement II is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement I is wrong – BBSSL is for producing, processing and distributing quality seed (raising the seed replacement rate, conserving indigenous seeds); for organic products there is National Cooperative Organics Limited (NCOL) – brand 'Bharat Organics'. All three are registered under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act 2002 (amended 2023); promoters – bodies such as Amul, IFFCO, KRIBHCO, NAFED, NCDC. Aim – 'Sahkar se Samriddhi'; PACS can join them to bring farmers the gains of exports, organic premiums and seed trade. Opportunity for Rajasthan – cooperative exports of organic/natural farm produce (tribal areas of Dungarpur, Banswara, Sirohi, Pratapgarh), seed spices, mustard and millets (bajra). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Multi-state cooperative for organic products? – NCOL • Brand of NCOL? – Bharat Organics • Multi-State Cooperative Act? – 2002 (amended 2023)

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: All three statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Model bye-laws (2022-23) – making PACS multi-purpose to widen income sources; states adopted them (cooperation is a state subject). Computerisation (approved June 2022) – common national ERP-based software, through NABARD, linking with district and state cooperative banks – transparency, faster lending. Other steps – 2 lakh new multi-purpose PACS/dairy/fishery cooperatives in the next 5 years (February 2023); 'the world's largest grain storage plan in the cooperative sector' (godowns at PACS level); PACS allowed to become fair price shops and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samriddhi Kendras. Rajasthan – 9,086 PACS; Sahkar Kisan Kalyan Yojana (loans up to ₹10 lakh), interest-free crop loans (Budget 2026-27 – ₹25,000 crore, over 35 lakh farmers). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Target of new multi-purpose PACS? – 2 lakh (5 years) • Implementing agency for computerisation? – NABARD • PACS in Rajasthan? – 9,086

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 50% growth. 📘 Understand in depth: White Revolution 2.0 – an initiative of the Ministry of Cooperation and NDDB (standard operating procedure issued on 19 September 2024). Strategy – new multi-purpose dairy cooperatives in villages without one; strengthening existing societies; milk collection, chilling (bulk milk coolers) and testing infrastructure; empowering women milk producers; raising the organised sector's share of milk (only a small part of India's milk is now bought by the cooperative/organised sector). Funding – National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD 2.0) etc. Rajasthan – RCDF (Saras) average daily milk procurement about 30.29 lakh kg (December 2025), 24 milk unions, 19,643 dairy cooperatives; the Dugdh Utpadak Sambal Yojana (₹5/litre) is paid only to keepers who supply milk to cooperatives – an incentive for organised procurement. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Nodal bodies of White Revolution 2.0? – Ministry of Cooperation and NDDB • RCDF average daily procurement (December 2025)? – About 30.29 lakh kg • Milk unions in Rajasthan? – 24

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is about 30.29 lakh kg a day. 📘 Understand in depth: RCDF (1977) – a three-tier structure on the Anand pattern: primary milk producers' cooperatives at village level (19,643) → district milk producers' unions (24) → RCDF at state level; brand 'Saras'. Largest union – Jaipur Dairy. Societies pay on fat and SNF (solids-not-fat); automatic milk collection units and bulk milk coolers ensure quality. Only a fairly small part of the state's milk comes through the cooperative network – the rest via private dairies and unorganised traders; hence the stress on expanding collection through White Revolution 2.0 and the state dairy infrastructure fund (₹2,000 crore). For livestock keepers – Saras Suraksha Kavach (₹5 lakh accident cover), group health insurance, Gopal Credit Card. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Basis of milk payment? – Fat and SNF • Largest Saras union? – Jaipur Dairy • RCDF founded? – 1977

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is Bikaner (founded 2010). 📘 Understand in depth: RAJUVAS – set up in 2010 by a state Act; before that veterinary education was under SKRAU, Bikaner (the veterinary college of Bikaner dates from 1954). Work – graduate/postgraduate veterinary education, livestock research, extension; constituent colleges – Jaipur (PGIVER), Navania-Vallabhnagar (Udaipur) etc. Bikaner is a big centre of livestock research – National Research Centre on Camel, Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, equine research station (sub-centre of NRCE Hisar), sheep research sub-centre. The state needs many vets and para-vets (livestock assistants) – the 536 mobile veterinary units, 1962 helpline, Mangla Pashu Bima surveys and NADCP vaccination all depend on this workforce. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • RAJUVAS founded? – 2010 • Veterinary education was earlier under which university? – SKRAU Bikaner • National Research Centre on Camel? – Bikaner

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 📘 Understand in depth: MVUs – 536 units from 24 February 2024 (roughly one per block); under the Centre's Livestock Health and Disease Control (LHDC) scheme with Centre-state cooperation; keepers can call 1962 for treatment, vaccination, artificial insemination and surgery at home. Reasons for the need – 568 lakh livestock (10.60% of India), very low population density in western districts (Jaisalmer 17), dhanis far from villages, hard to carry sick animals long distances. Complementary steps – Mukhyamantri free animal medicine scheme (medicines raised from 138 to about 200), Mukhyamantri Mangla Pashu Bima (100% premium paid by the state from 1 December 2025), grants to gaushalas. Gains – lower animal deaths, steadier milk output, quick action on outbreaks (such as lumpy in 2022). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Number of MVUs? – 536 • MVUs under which central scheme? – Livestock Health and Disease Control (LHDC) • Free animal medicines? – About 200

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: The answer is the camel. 📘 Understand in depth: The state has two state animals – the chinkara in the wildlife category (since 1981) and the camel in the livestock category (2014). For camel protection – the Rajasthan Camel (Prohibition of Slaughter and Regulation of Temporary Migration or Export) Act 2015 – permission is needed to take camels out of the state. Yet camel numbers fell sharply between 2012 and 2019 – reasons: mechanisation in transport and farming, shrinking pastures-orans, falling economic value due to curbs on sale. 84.43% of India's camels are in Rajasthan. Breeds – Bikaneri (draught), Jaisalmeri (fast riding), Marwari, Mewari, Kutchi. New uses – camel milk (research on benefits in diabetes, nutritious), camel tourism (safaris, Pushkar and Bikaner camel festivals), the BSF camel contingent. National Research Centre on Camel – Bikaner (1984). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • State animal in the wildlife category? – Chinkara • Camel protection Act? – 2015 • National Research Centre on Camel founded? – 1984

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – NLM has three sub-missions – (1) breed development of livestock and poultry (including entrepreneurship), (2) fodder and feed development (silage, fodder blocks, fodder seed production – also with entrepreneurship subsidy), (3) innovation and extension (including livestock insurance). Maximum subsidy limits differ by unit type (higher for sheep-goat and fodder units, for example); the subsidy is paid in two instalments through SIDBI. Importance for Rajasthan – goat (first in India) and sheep rearing are main livelihoods in western and southern districts; fodder shortage in drought years is the biggest risk – hence fodder banks, pasture development, gochar development under MGNREGA. The state's 'Pashu Sakhis' (Rajeevika, 37,369) are trained community animal-care workers. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Sub-missions of NLM? – Three • NLM subsidy is routed through? – SIDBI • Pashu Sakhis of Rajeevika? – 37,369

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: Correct match – Rashtriya Gokul Mission: indigenous breeds; NADCP: FMD-brucellosis vaccination; PMMSY: fisheries; AHIDF: processing infrastructure. 📘 Understand in depth: Rashtriya Gokul Mission (December 2014) – Gokul Grams, National Kamdhenu Breeding Centres, nationwide artificial insemination programme, sex-sorted semen, IVF; 'Gopal Ratna' awards on National Milk Day (26 November). NADCP (September 2019, Mathura) – 100% centrally funded; FMD vaccination of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pigs (every 6 months) and brucellosis vaccination of female calves aged 4-8 months; goal – control by 2025, eradication by 2030; ear tags for animal identity (Bharat Pashudhan/INAPH portal). PMMSY (2020) – ₹20,050 crore, successor of the 'Blue Revolution'; Rajasthan has 4.30 lakh hectares of water area, inland saline aquaculture (Churu). AHIDF (2020) – ₹15,000 crore, 3% interest subvention. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • NADCP launched at? – Mathura • PMMSY outlay? – ₹20,050 crore • Gopal Ratna on which day? – 26 November

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: Both statements are correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Gopalan department – grants to gaushalas, nandishalas (for stray male cattle), Kamdhenu/gaushala development schemes, promotion of cow products (panchgavya, organic manure from dung, cow-dung logs). Gaushala grant rates – from 1 April 2025, ₹50 a day for large cattle and ₹25 a day for small (to registered gaushalas for a set period); 90:10 aid for gaushala/nandishala development. Legal protection – Rajasthan Bovine Animal (Prohibition of Slaughter and Regulation of Temporary Migration or Export) Act 1995. Economic side of stray cattle – unproductive bullocks/old cows left loose, crop damage, road accidents; remedies – nandishalas, sex-sorted semen (more female calves), dung-based income (Gobardhan/biogas). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Gaushala grant for large cattle (from 1 April 2025)? – ₹50 a day • Bovine slaughter prohibition Act? – 1995 • Nandishala is for? – Stray male cattle

✅ Correct answer: (A) 📌 Analysis: Only statement I is correct. 📘 Understand in depth: Statement II is wrong – AWBI (1962) was headquartered in Chennai earlier and is now at Ballabhgarh (Faridabad, Haryana); it is a statutory advisory body under the Union Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying; founder – Rukmini Devi Arundale. Rules under the PCA Act 1960 – animal transport, slaughterhouses, Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules 2023 etc. Constitution – Article 48 (scientific organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry, banning slaughter of cows-calves – Directive Principle), 51A(g) (compassion for living creatures – Fundamental Duty); 'prevention of cruelty to animals' is in the Concurrent List (entry 17). In Rajasthan's context – state laws on illegal transport of camels and cattle (1995, 2015) complement the PCA Act; animal welfare norms at cattle fairs (Pushkar, Nagaur, Tilwara). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • Present AWBI headquarters? – Ballabhgarh (Faridabad) • Founder of AWBI? – Rukmini Devi Arundale • Prevention of animal cruelty is in which list? – Concurrent (entry 17)

✅ Correct answer: (B) 📌 Analysis: The answer is prolific – twins/more lambs per lambing. 📘 Understand in depth: Avishaan – developed by crossing Garole (a prolific breed of West Bengal, FecB gene) × Malpura × Patanwadi; to raise sheep keepers' income through more lambs and meat. CSWRI (Avikanagar, Tonk; 1962) – research on sheep-wool and rabbits; other strains developed – Avikalin and Avivastra (for wool), Bharat Merino. Main sheep breeds of Rajasthan – Chokla ('Merino of India', best carpet wool; Shekhawati), Magra (Bikaner – lustrous wool), Marwari (Jodhpur – the largest number), Jaisalmeri, Malpura, Sonadi (Udaipur), Nali, Pugal. Challenges – low prices for coarse/carpet-grade wool, shortage of pasture, long migrations; so meat-oriented and prolific sheep are becoming an economic option. Rajasthan's share in national wool output is 47.53% (first). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • 'Merino of India'? – Chokla • CSWRI founded? – 1962 • Source of prolificacy in Avishaan? – Garole breed (FecB gene)

✅ Correct answer: (C) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 2018-19. 📘 Understand in depth: KCC – started in August 1998 for crop loans (on the R.V. Gupta committee's advice, designed by NABARD); Union Budget 2018-19 extended it to animal husbandry and fisheries – for working capital for feed, fodder, medicine, fish seed, nets etc. Interest – short-term loans at 7% under the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS), with a further 3% incentive for timely repayment (effective 4%); the animal husbandry/fisheries KCC limit is a sub-limit separate from crop KCC. Rajasthan's complementary scheme – Gopal Credit Card (interest-free loans up to ₹1 lakh, target about 2.5 lakh families; ₹150 crore in Budget 2026-27). Other options – 1998-99: start of crop KCC; 2004-05: policy of doubling farm credit; 2022-23: PACS computerisation approval (2022). 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • KCC began? – August 1998 • Which committee recommended KCC? – R.V. Gupta committee • Gopal Credit Card loan limit? – ₹1 lakh interest-free

✅ Correct answer: (D) 📌 Analysis: The answer is 26 November (birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien). 📘 Understand in depth: Dr. Verghese Kurien ('father of the white revolution in India', 'Milkman of India') – built Amul, first chairman of NDDB, architect of Operation Flood (1970); founder of IRMA Anand. National Milk Day since 2014. Other options – 1 June: World Milk Day (FAO, since 2001); 1 October: International Day of Older Persons/World Vegetarian Day; 16 July: ICAR foundation day. Gopal Ratna awards (Rashtriya Gokul Mission) – categories: best dairy farmer rearing indigenous breeds, best artificial insemination technician, best dairy cooperative/milk producer company/FPO. Inspiring models for Rajasthan – women's income from cooperative dairy (Rajeevika's 'Ujalaa' milk producer organisation – Hadoti), the Saras dairy network. 🎯 Other questions that can be framed from this: • World Milk Day? – 1 June • National Milk Day since? – 2014 • First chairman of NDDB? – Dr. Verghese Kurien